panguingue card game. . panguingue card game

 
panguingue card game  a card game which resembles rummy, which is played with several

The game be played with up to 5 Players, though it is most commonly played with 2-4. Combined 40 card packs are rare, the only really well known game to use them being the gambling Conquian variant Panguingue. This game, which was once the most popular in the US, does not typically include a flop or community cards. SEE ON BICYCLE. Type: Card Room Status: Closed Open: 1964, Close: 1960s A Tenderloin social club that won a court order in July 1964 that permitted it to offer panguingue card games (see "Archive"). This process is automatic. | 意思、发音、翻译及示例a card game played by two or more players with a deck of 40 cards, popular in the American Southwest. The game be played with up to 5 Players, though it is most commonly played with 2-4. KONDITION - Size of the game and chip value FLAT - Ten (10) cards melded on the table where the next card puts you out PISSER - A hand which has no pays at all ROPES - A sequence of cards in. The goal of Pan is to get rid of all your cards, the last player with cards in hand is the loser of the deal and given one letter of the name of the game (pan). The Legislature has not prohibited the playing of card games — in itself an innocent pastime — but the playing for money of games of hazard. 23-5-311. Each player is dealt 10 cards, in two batches. Panguingue: Card Games [home, info] Quick definitions from Wiktionary (panguingue) noun: A 19th-century gambling card game resembling rummy, probably of Philippine origin, and usually played with eight decks of cards. Description. It is a variation on the popular Rummy offshoot Canasta, and exists in the Canasta sub-genre of Rummy games. Quick Facts. Use your best strategy and card counting skills to avoid taking tricks containing Hearts and make your opponents 'Shoot the Moon'! Show more. Title: Panguingue: Description: In this game each player draws a card and the lowest card deals the first hand and has the choice of seats. 535 in. Buraco is a meld-making card game deriving from the Rummy Genre. g. Panguingue is substantively, a game of Wino played forward money, similar to the tile game Mahjong. His guilt and complicity in the Cavite Mutiny of January 1872 was built on a note in his confiscated mail. . Then, you’ll get hosting tips and more new card games to try in your inbox every week. The dealer places the remaining cards in the middle of the table face down (the pack). 8 players use 4 decks). VIDEO POKER. - Challenge yourself as the hands gets more difficult in this free. The game is unique when compared to the other rummy versions. Solitaire is a fun card game to enjoy at all ages. Pan-a-bout Panguineque Card Tray W/ Original Box. Established over three decades ago in 1984, and still downtown at 727 South Main. Want More Solitaire Games? Try SolSuite Solitaire, the World's Most Complete Solitaire Collection with more than 700 solitaire games, 60 card sets, 300 card backs and 100 backgrounds! Try it now at Close. With all the features you would expect from a modern free-to-play game. 574 in. When playing with more than 4 players you will need 2 decks. This game is traditionally played in casinos with chips. Authorized card games. Panguingue Creek flows northeast to Nenana River, 6 miles northwest of Healy, Alaska Range (USGS). We found 61 answers for the crossword clue Gambling game. Hearts is typically a four-player game. The Polish gaming Rotate described on this page lives disconnected till the American game Panguingue, your name is often abbreviated to 'Pan'. Jokers and 2s can substitute for other cards to make sets (wild cards). Read an excerpt of this book!. Moderate. Version 1. Copy. If two or more players tie for low, they draw again. My name is Einar Egilsson and over there on the left is my current Facebook profile picture! Spades is the fourth card game I've made, the other three are Hearts, Shithead and Crazy Eights . Hearts is a beautiful free version of the famous trick-taking card game. Thanos Rummy. com @ 11:35 PM 10 comments. The game requires a 40- or 48-card deck of Spanish playing cards. It used to be particularly popular in Las Vegas and other casinos in the American southwest. )As the game of panguingue is admittedly not a game of chance or hazard played for money, it is not within the prohibitions of Act No. Origination:Panguingue is thought to have originated among the. The basic goal in any form of rummy is to build melds which consists of sets, three. . with aces being low. Panguingue परिभाषा: a card game of the rummy family that is played with from five to eight regular 52-card. Panguingue or Pan is a shedding game for two to eight players, which is very similar to Rummy. Enter minimum price to. In California, it, and the low-ball version of poker, were the only games for which it was legal to play for money. panguingue in a sentence - Use panguingue in a sentence and its meaning 1. The cards are arranged as follows, going from highest to lowest: Joker, King, Horse, Jack, Nine, Eight, Seven, Six, Five, Four, Three, Two. Unlike most Rummy games, however, players cannot simply hang. (1) Except for the card games of panguingue and poker and their approved variations, an authorized card game as provided for in 23-5-311, MCA, which is played solely for prizes of minimal value, is considered a social card game and is not a gambling activity. ”Pusoy. FreeCell Solitaire!! Free Patience '95. Hoyle, Revised or Hoyle's Modern Encyclopedia of Card Games, or simi-lar authoritative book on card games we have approved, or when operat-ed as described in the commission approved game rules on our website. In fact, it descends directly from conquian, the patriarch of all rummy games. Pusoy differs from other poker games in that the suits are ranked individually. Card Games. Dots. Because that's such a mouthful, most cardrooms just call it Pan. Games with 3 to 4 players are played with 2 decks. New Vintage Pan-A-Bout Panguingue Game Cards Platform Tagalog Filipino 1. This card game relies on chance just as much as strategy. Panguingue (pronounced pan-geen-ee), Tagalog Pangginggí, also known as Pan, is a 19th-century gambling card game probably of Philippine origin similar to rummy, first described in America in 1905. To play Pitty Pat you will need one standard 52-card deck. Other players take seats at random. Pan Dradle: Acrylic with Swivel Base. The objective of Panguingue is to be the first player to reach the most points by completing and playing card combinations and being the. But it is played with eight decks of Spanish Cadiz pattern cards, totaling 320 cards in the game. If you want a more challenging variation try Spider Solitaire, which involves two decks and requires you to place cards in 8 foundation piles. Crazy Eights is a shedding-type card game for two to seven players and the best known American member of the Eights Group which also includes Pig and Spoons. When playing with more than 4 players you will need 2 decks. Play the standard Rummy game in this freeware DirectX game. Panguingue (pronounced pan-geen-eee), Tagalog Pangginggí, also known as Pan, is a 19th century gambling card game probably of Philippine origin similar to rummy, first described in America in 1905. If you are interested contact. [3] Its popularity has been waning, and now is only. Tall Team 4. What are the usage examples of the word "panguingue?" Take a moment to familiarize yourself with how "panguingue" can be used in various situations through the following examples!Wizard Cards is a Free Multi-Player Online Card Game of trump, with features that will be familiar to those who play spades, hearts, euchre. Panguingue, also known as Pan, is a popular card game that originated in the Philippines. If you are searching for games for a particular number of players you may prefer to use the Index. 1757;. There are four different types of piles in Solitaire. THE CARDS. Nilalaro ito gamit. (5) A person must be present on the premises during a large-stakes or small-stakes tournament to oversee the conduct of the card games and to settle disputes among players. (2) A person may conduct or participate in a live card game or make a live card game table available for public. Sun City West, AZ 85375 623-544-6120Panguingue Cards (1 - 2 of 2 results) Price ($) Any price Under $10 $10 to $20 $20 to $25 Over $25 Custom. OBJECT OF THE GAME: Panguingue is a rummy-type game played with eight standard 52-card decks with the 8's, 9's, and 10's removed, for a total of 320 cards. Vintage 914 Aviator "pan" panguingue card set. Ang larong ito ay kilala rin bilang “Pan”. 7. Panguingue (Pan) (1) Party Decorations (38) Pinochle (7) Play Money (2) Playing Cards Sets (4) Poker (140) Poker Accessories (64) Poker Buttons (17)Many card players want to learn new games to play with their friends, but aren’t sure where to start. Most places also remove one set of spades leaving a total of 310 cards in play. People also like. Date and Time. Panguingue is a card game of the Rummy family, a multiplayer extension of Conquian, designed specifically as a gambling game which accommodates as many as fifteen players. Wetlands. If you haven't solved the crossword clue Gambling game yet try to search our Crossword Dictionary by entering the letters you already know! (Enter a dot for each missing letters, e. The Pan-A-Bout measuresAs the game of panguingue is admittedly not a game of chance or hazard played for money, it is not within the prohibitions of Act No. When it delegated like power to municipalities it had a. Wizard Cards is a Free Multi-Player Online Card Game of trump, with features that will be familiar to those who play spades, hearts, euchre. PANGUINGUE. The ante will be returned. This gambling history blog post explains and explores the game of chance called panguingue. A sequence consists of at least 4 cards of the same suit in consecutive order. Valle Cards 3's, 5's, and 7's; all other cards are non-valle cards (Note: "valle" is pronounced "valley"). Some of those which have an entry on BGG are listed below. Straightforward and no changes here: A set consists of at least 3 cards of the same rank. Don't worry, this doesn't affect the authenticity of our posts, it just helps keep the lights on. The Deck: Panguingue is played with eight 40-card packs (some versions of the game use five decks). Public Lands. 19 Mon Colle Knights. Buy Panguingue Card Set in Marikina City,Philippines. The very best way to learn pan is to actually sit and play it. Can you find rules for the card game of Panguingue also known as Pan? Updated: 10/26/2022. (3) Authorization of a nonhouse-banked card game other. 1908 Two deputy sheriffs in the mining camp of Rawhide, Nevada,* were on the take. Learn the definition of 'panguingue'. 3 SETS PAN SET Red And Blue PANGUINGUE. Magpapatuloy ang pag-ikot ng mga manlalaro hanggang sa maubos ang tongits card na nasa gitna o kung may magdeklara na ng “Tongits!” Panguingue. with aces being low. It is one of the rarest gambling games in the world today. e. Product Search. This game, similar to Rummy, is played with a 320-card deck. According to a fantastic site (linked below), one of the first Jesuit priests to arrive in the Visayan islands, Father José Sanchez, wrote in 1692 about sungka, called kunggit in parts of Panay. and 3. Also called Pan, this card game is similar to rummy and originated in the Philippines in the 19th century. io is a game site focused on classic card and board games. a card game of the rummy family that is played with from five to eight regular 52-card packs from which the eights, nines, and tens have been removed, the object being to win bonuses by melding certain groups of cards during the play and extra bonuses by melding all the cards in the hand. Card Games – Fun guide to the best card game rules . Best of Card Games features over 150 of your favorite card games including 9 versions of Rummy and two versions of Canasta. If you are interested contact. 3 SETS PAN Cards In Box Panguingue Blue & Red Purple Card Set Union Plaz. Melds in 12-Step Rummy consist of either Sets or Runs. Use one standard 52-card deck for 3-4 players, and two decks for 5-8 players. This site is a love project created by a small team of three devotees. Number of Players: Although Panguingue can be played by as few as four players, it's not really worth playing with any fewer than 6, 7 or 8 players. . Players try to collect four of the same card (e. Study now. Up to fifteen players are able to participate, making it the perfect game for larger gatherings! Standard cards and some scoring. Panguingue, also known as Pan, comes from the Tagalog word pangguinggui. 2 SETS PAN Cards In Box Panguingue Blue & Red Card Set Sahara Hotel Casi. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. Adults. Thanos Rummy. In a four-player game, each player is dealt 13 cards. 23-5-311. First prefer not to pass any cards that result in a meld score for your hand. Elizabeth Rene. The cards are unused and sealed inside the box! The rules pamphlet is still nice and neat with no bends or crinkles. Suits are irrelevant except that this 9 of hearts is a special card, used to start the. Unlike most Rummy games, however, players cannot simply hang onto the cards they draw. Welcome to GameRules. | Significato, pronuncia, traduzioni ed esempiThe Cards: Brazilian Canasta is played with three standard decks of playing cards, which includes all six jokers, giving you a total of 162 cards. For the word puzzle clue of a card game resembling rummy using two packs and usually played by two pairs of partners, the Sporcle Puzzle Library found the following results. Very difficult. The player. Eventually he transitioned to the relatively niche game of Panguingue, and was a regular contributor on the subject to several gambling trade. The men are often wearing striped or solid Barong Tagalog or camisa de chino, solid or patterned pants, and western hats or putong (head wraps). exe. The object of the game is to meld 11 cards. Panguingue card game (1 Result) Price ($) Any price Under $25 $25 to $50 $50 to $100 Over $100 Custom. Reference ID. each player plays one card, the highest card of the suit led wins the trick, unless someone has played a card of the trump suit. 133 in. . The game is best with 6 or 7 players, although as many as 15 may play. The aim of the game is to empty your hand of cards. (14 votes) Very easy. Pan, originally known as Panguingue is a card game played in the Western United States. Play one of the most classic memory games ever! Online and free for life! You don’t even need to create an account. flows NE to Nenana River, 6 mi. If you are a beginner, try your hand against the card players in. Each player pays an ante one chip, called the top. The original Player of a Four with a Joker in it may replace the Joker with the card it represents, but the Joker must then be moved to either end of the Four. Find here the types of games available in Vegas. In this game each player draws a card and the lowest card deals the first hand and has the choice of seats. Pleasantime Games 1972 "Pan" Block Panguinque (Very Rare) (690) $. Clothing live extraneous apart that the 9 of harts a a special card, used to start the game. The cards are dealt counterclockwise Players strive to meld eleven cards in valid sets of three or. Up to fifteen players are able to participate, making it. Often the odds are changed by removing one complete set of. The game is played using a 320-card deck, contstructed from eight decks of playing cards, removing all eights, nines, tens, and Jokers. Panguingue, also known as Pan for short, is a gambling Rummy game which is popular in the southwest USA. Panguingue (pronounced "pan-geen-ee", in Tagalog Pangginggí, and also known as Pan) is a 19th-century gambling card game probably of Philippine origin similar to rummy, first described in America in 1905. No jokers are used. 320-card CARD PANGUINGUE (or PAN) GAME by Clipper Cards, made in Japan, c. Download. You, as a player, won’t be allowed to access both the piles. Create stacks of cards on the solitaire board by stacking cards downward alternating color. FreeCell is also another challenging game worth trying, where you use four open cell to temporarily place cards as you organize the tableau. In this case, the gamers tally the card points in their possession, and the lowest points determine the winner. Eight standard 52-card decks from which the 8s, 9s, and 10s have been removed are used, with cards ranking in descending order K, Q, J, 7, 6, 5, 4. Like Western basic Rummy games these are draw and discard games in which the aim is to go out by forming your whole hand into sets. Nine cards will have one card added from the top of the deck. Panguingue. The rotation of dealing and playing is to the. Our family and friends used to play Pan but for some reason never broke out this brand new set. NUMBER OF PLAYERS: 2 to 15 Players MATERIALS: 8 52 Card Decks, a Scoring Pad, a Pencil, and Scoring Chips TYPE OF GAME: Trick Taking Card Game AUDIENCE: Adults OVERVIEW OF. 0 download version indexed from servers all over the world. WE CARRY GAMBLING PRODUCTS including an amazing collection of high quality cards, lammers, dice, home and casino gaming and poker tables, chip sets, dice sticks, casino memorabilia, dealer buttons, accessories, and much more. Custom Products Playing Cards. Panguingue. Pronunciation of Panguingue with 2 audio pronunciations. 1112 ft (338. The Deck: For 3 or 4 players, use two decks of 52 cards each, plus one joker, for a total of 105 cards. Cards rank from (hi) K-Q-J-7-6-5-4-3-2-A (lo). For a regularly paid fee, they allowed establishments to operate legThis Panguingue (pan) set is from the union casinoMoved to Vegas in 2005, They were still planning pan they were the last casino on the strip to offer pan. Euchre emerged in the. Rummy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (6) Only a dealer licensed under 23-5-308 may deal cards at a large-stakes or small-stakes poker or panguingue tournament. 320 cards in one mega deck used to play the Pan rummy game for 6 - 15Game Of The Day - PANGUINGUE Panguingue is a fun, Rummy like game. The object of the game is to meld 11 cards. Cards rank from (hi) K-Q-J-7-6-5-4-3-2-A (lo). Its popularity has been waning, and. The Legislature has not prohibited the playing of card games in itself an innocent pastime but the playing for money of games of hazard. Custom Products Playing Cards. Panguingue is a very social game and is great fun to play with your friends. Region. GV1295. About: Panguingue. Pan-A-Bout In Box (READ) 5 SETS PAN Cards In Box Panguingue Blue & Red Card Set Sahara Hotel Casi. The two partners will combine their scores at the end of each hand. Online Panguingue Game. io is a game site focused on classic card and board games. (2) Except as provided in 23-5-318, a live card game of panguingue or poker must be played in the. io homepage and create a room to get a room code. The cards have never been open and are still sealed in original wrapper,box has a little damage to the corners of the lid. We cannot confirm if there is a free download of this software available. Magpapatuloy ang pag-ikot ng mga manlalaro hanggang sa maubos ang tongits card na nasa gitna o kung may magdeklara na ng “Tongits!” Panguingue. Its. Carioca is played using two copies of the Joker Variant Anglo-American 54-card deck, for a total of 108 cards. ONE 24-card French suited bunch a former, the cards ranking from high to slight: A-K-Q-J-10-9. Cards in each suit rank king (high), queen, jack, seven, six, etc. It has 225 tables and poker games in addition to a single restaurant. The cards are arranged on the table so that the number of pips showing shows the team's current. ”This classic version is also called Klondike Solitaire. It’s open 24 hours daily and features 150,000 ft. Then prefer queen of spades or jack of diamonds. It used to be particularly popular in Las Vegas and other casinos in the American southwest. Hotel Reviews. IP Address. ZZ. "2x52+2J, 3x52+3J" means that the game can be played with two 52-card decks plus two jokers (106 cards) or three 52-card decks plus three 52. The men are often wearing striped or solid Barong Tagalog or camisa de chino, solid or patterned pants, and western hats or putong (head wraps). Panguingue or Pan is a shedding game for two to eight players, which is very similar to Rummy. Yes, that game. Spiele Palast. We found 61 answers for the crossword clue Gambling game. The first trick-taking card game. 4 1,023,990 votes. New Vintage Pan-A-Bout Panguingue Game Cards Platform Tagalog Filipino 1. It is one of the rarest gambling games in the world today. The Player who draws the final stock card must discard one card, and then deadwood scores will be tallied. If you touch the stack, then the discard. Home;The Polish game Pan described off this page can independent to the African game Panguingue, whose full is often abbreviated to 'Pan'. The cards are arranged as follows, going from highest to lowest: Joker, King, Horse, Jack, Nine, Eight, Seven, Six, Five, Four, Three,. The value of 2♦ is now the highest single card in the game. In total, the game is played with either 104 or 156 cards (108 or 162 cards with Jokers). Other players take seats at random. The game is thus played with a total of 320 cards in the resulting (huge) deck. Shop All Custom Products. indicates players who do not take a full part in the game, but may have minor duties such as dealing the cards, fetching the beer or making the tea. Eight 40-card decks are used by removing the 8s, 9s and 10s. s. Each player is dealt 10 cards, in two batches of 5 cards. It is played with eight decks of standard cards from which the 8's, 9's and 10's have been removed - 320 cards altogether. Rummy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Trick-Taking Games Trick taking games are one of the most common types of card games, and classics like Hearts and Spades are good examples. Players should take 8 conventional Anglo-American decks, anywhere inclusive 52 cards, and remove all 8s, 9s, and 10s from the deck. Custom Products Playing Cards. The Continental card game is a meld-making game that is related to Rummy, Canasta, and other offshoots. Cards: Panguingue is played with eight 40-card packs (some versions of thegame use five decks). Enter maximum price. Players can enjoy Hearts on 247 Hearts with other players because of Artificial Intelligence. It developed from conquian, the ancestor of rummy games. You can find presentation of local multiplayer version here:Panguingue, also known as Pan for short, is a gambling Rummy game which is popular in the southwest USA. About Spades. Toggle navigation. But it is played with eight decks of Spanish Cadiz pattern cards,. Browse our large selection of casino supplies. Condition is Used . There are 310 total cards. [2] It used to be particularly popular in Las Vegas and other casinos in the American southwest. Five Star Deluxe Pan Panguingue Poker Cards Deck Of 320 Red Casino Cards. How to play Gin Rummy Online. The Tableau: The seven piles that make up the main table. Panguingue (Pan): Luck of the Dra · 2011-02-23 · to most rummy games but is unique in that it has its own spe-cial deck of cards and slang. Panguingue. Panguingue Definizione: a card game of the rummy family that is played with from five to eight regular 52-card. The program's installer file is generally known as panguingue. Normal Rummy rules designate Deadwood as all non-melded cards remaining in the hand after a Player has “gone out”. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. Free Spider Solitaire HD Free. The game is best with 6 or 7 players, although as many as 15 may play. If two or more players tie for low, they draw again. with aces being low. (1) The card games authorized by this part are and are limited to the card games known as bridge, cribbage, hearts, panguingue, pinochle, pitch, poker, rummy, solo, and whist. 0. A multitude of games can be played with a standard deck of playing cards or a modified deck of playing cards. From four to eight players can take part in one game. S. Each type of tile appears four times in the game, with the exception of seasons and flowers, which only appear once. Version 1. There are normally four players, two on each team, although there are variations for two to nine players. 0. Use our survey and find where to play in Vegas. Card games; Closely Matching Concepts from Other Schemes. Players strive to meld eleven cards in valid. (2) For purposes of this rule, prizes of minimal value means:23-5-309. The game is best with 6 or 7 players, although as many as 15 may play. $2,145. a card game which resembles rummy, which is played with several. Panguingue is essentially, a game of Rummy played for money, similar to the tile game Mahjong. Dragons. 0. Cards in each suit rank king (high), queen, jack, seven, six, etc. At that point grand total for each player is calculated, with bonuses, and the player with the highest score wins the whole game. Beginners welcome. Players generally take turns to sit out. Find where to play, table limits, and more. The cards are dealt counterclockwise Players strive to meld eleven cards in valid sets of three or. Shop All Custom Products. Panguingue is a gambling card game similar to Rummy that is played with a 320 card deck, constructed from eight decks of playing cards, removing all eights, nines, tens, and Jokers. It's a complete platform for you to launch your own card game, for free. e. Bridge was one of his favorites. 4. It was a simple card game that anyone could play; because of that, Solitaire was used as a way to teach new users of the PC how to interact with a computer interface and. • Play with Traditional or Vegas Scoring. No jokers are used. The Object of the Game is to have combinations of three or more cards in sets or runs (known as melds) laid on the table in front of you using eleven cards. For example, 7♦,8♦, 9♦. Filed under: Card. Kalooki Rules. Panguingue definition: a card game of the rummy family that is played with from five to eight regular 52-card. 1, 2006-05-22. these cards were made in the US. Rate the pronunciation difficulty of Panguingue. (3) Authorization of a nonhouse-banked card game other than. Three or more cards of the same rank, such as three 5s or 4 queens. The classic card game Hearts is now available on the Windows Store. $3. playing cards, set of cards that are numbered or illustrated (or both) and are used for playing games, for education, for divination, and for conjuring. 1757;. [ Wikipedia] Fun: Complexity: Players: 2 - 8 More details: Pagat. A distinctive feature of Conquian (and one that it shares with its close relative Panguingue), is that drawn cards cannot be placed in a player's hand, must be either melded. Items in the Price Guide are obtained exclusively from licensors and partners solely for our members’ research needs. Sets. T. Pan-A-Bout In Box (READ) 5 SETS PAN Cards In Box Panguingue Blue & Red Card Set Sahara Hotel Casi. g. free online games, play against live opponents PANGUINGUE 101 (basic rules) Pan unlike any other game uses 8 standard decks of cards in which all the 8's, 9's and 10's are removed. The Continental card game is a meld-making game that is related to Rummy, Canasta, and other offshoots. The game is unique when compared to the other rummy versions. 1565 E. Panguingue ParliamentSevens, Fan Tan Paskahousu PaskievicTarokk Hungarian call XX tarokk. Robert Walton Griggs grew up in Williams, Minnesota, and graduated from the University of Minnesota with a degree in Electrical Engineering. The dealer turns the top card face up next to the pack. Click the stock (on the upper left) to turn over cards onto the waste pile. Signature: Panguingue, or pan for short, is a rummy-type gambling card game. Shop All Sign In. Authorized Card Games. The game is scored based on how much deadwood you have at the end of each game. Can you a member?. Players and Cards. Panguingue is a rummy-type game played with eight standard 52-card decks with the 8's, 9's, and 10's removed, for a total of 320 cards. A 19th-century gambling card game resembling rummy, probably of Philippine origin, and usually played with eight decks of cards. 2.